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Escalation of Commitment describes the tendency to continue investing time, money, or effort into a failing venture solely because of the resources already spent.

The Münchhausen Trilemma questions whether we can ever ground our knowledge in absolute certainty, suggesting that our foundations for “truth” hinge on shared consensus rather than unassailable proof.

Knightian Uncertainty claims that risk can be quantified—outcomes carry known or estimable probabilities—while uncertainty is fundamentally unmeasurable, involving unknown or unknowable probabilities.